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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.
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Energy on an Incline
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Ponder decisions regarding the design of a lab involving energy conservation for a cart moving along an inclined plane.
Student Name:
Redo
Use an energy model to analyze the energy data for the lab investigating the motion of a cart moving along an inclined plane.
An NGSS-Inspired Activity
Evaluate some claims about energy and systems related to a cart moving along an incline. Identify accurate scientific responses to such claims.
Use scientific terminology to complete a paragraph associated with the energy of a cart moving along an inclined plane.
Developing and Using an Energy Model
Use collected data to calculate potential energy, kinetic energy, and total energy for four locations along the inclined plane.
Planning an Investigation
Energy Beliefs
Paragraph Completion
Number Crunching
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Yes, Return
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Energy on an Inclined Plane
Activity 1: Planning the Investigation
A Physics class is conducting a lab in which a cart rolls up an inclined track and back down. They use a motion detector to collect position and velocity data. They position the motion detector at the top of the track and hold the cart steady at the bottom of the track. They use the software to assign this cart location as being the zero position. Then they turn on the motion detection and set the cart in motion with a short, sudden push. The cart rolls up and down the track. The motion detector software provides the position-time and velocity-time plots shown in Figure 1. The lab requires that students determine potential and kinetic energy values for two locations along the track as the cart is rolling upward and for two different locations while the cart is rolling downwards.
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Physics-Interactives/Static-Electricity/
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Investigation Planning,Number Crunching,Using a Model,Paragraph Completion,Energy Beliefs
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Energy on an Inclined Plane
Activity 1: Planning the Investigation
A Physics class is conducting a lab in which a cart rolls up an inclined track and back down. They use a motion detector to collect position and velocity data. They position the motion detector at the top of the track and hold the cart steady at the bottom of the track. They use the software to assign this cart location as being the zero position. Then they turn on the motion detection and set the cart in motion with a short, sudden push. The cart rolls up and down the track. The motion detector software provides the position-time and velocity-time plots shown in Figure 1. The lab requires that students determine potential and kinetic energy values for two locations along the track as the cart is rolling upward and for two different locations while the cart is rolling downwards.
Stopping Distance
One aspect of safe driving involves the ability to stop a car readily. This ability depends upon the driver's alertness and readiness to stop, the conditions of the road, the speed of the car, and the braking characteristics of the car. The actual distance it takes to stop a car consists of two parts - the reaction distance and braking distance.
When a driver sees an event in his/her field of view that might warrant braking (for example, a dog running into the street), a collection of actions must be taken before the braking actually begins. First the driver must identify the event and decide if braking is necessary. Then the driver must lift his/her foot off the gas pedal and move it to the brake pedal. And finally, the driver must press the brake down its full distance in order to obtain maximum braking acceleration. The time to do all this is known as the reaction time. The distance traveled during this time is known as the reaction distance. Once the brakes are applied, the car begins to slow to a stop. The distance traveled by the car during this time is known as the braking distance. The braking distance is dependent upon the original speed of the car, the road conditions, and characteristics of the car such as its profile area, mass and tire conditions. Figure 1 shows the stopping distance for a Toyota Prius on dry pavement resulting from a 0.75-second reaction time.
The reaction time of the driver is highly dependent upon the alertness of the driver. Small changes in reaction time can have a large effect upon the total stopping distance. Table 1 shows the reaction distance, braking distance, and total stopping distance for a Toyota Prius with an original speed of 50.0 mi/hr and varying reaction times.
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Energy on an Inclined Plane
Activity 1: Planning the Investigation
A Physics class is conducting a lab in which a cart rolls up an inclined track and back down. They use a motion detector to collect position and velocity data. They position the motion detector at the top of the track and hold the cart steady at the bottom of the track. They use the software to assign this cart location as being the zero position. Then they turn on the motion detection and set the cart in motion with a short, sudden push. The cart rolls up and down the track. The motion detector software provides the position-time and velocity-time plots shown in Figure 1. The lab requires that students determine potential and kinetic energy values for two locations along the track as the cart is rolling upward and for two different locations while the cart is rolling downwards.