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Objective: To identify whether positive, negative, or zero work is being done, to identify the force that is doing the work, and to describe the energy transformation associated with such work.

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Sound as a Pressure Wave

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Apply the meaning of terms such as compression, rarefaction, wavelength, frequency, and period to a sound wave.

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Redo

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Read values from and interpret a pressure-time graph for a sound wave.

Characteristics of Sound Waves

Interpretation of Data

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Sound Waves Vibrating objects produce sound waves. The frequency at which the object vibrates is equal to the frequency of the sound waves. This frequency is related to the pitch. High frequency waves are heard as high-pitched waves. A vibrating object, such as the tines of a tuning fork, forces surrounding air particles to vibrate. The vibration of air particles produces alternating regions of high and low pressure. The high pressure regions result from the crowding together of air particles; these are known as compressions. The low pressure regions are characterized by the spacing apart of air particles; these are known as rarefactions. Figure 1 shows compressions and rarefactions arranged within a pipe. The distance between adjacent compressions is the wavelength. Sound is often detected by the use of the flexible diaphragm of a microphone. As compressions reach the diaphragm, they push it inward. As rarefactions reach the diaphragm, it is drawn outward. The inward and outward vibrations of the diaphragm occur at the same frequency as the sound wave. These vibrations can be transformed into electrical signals and be displayed on an oscilloscope or a computer. Figure 3 and Figure 4 were produced by two tuning forks with different vibrational frequencies. The pressure is measured relative to the normal room pressure. A high positive pressure indicates much higher than the normal room pressure. A negative pressure indicates lower than the normal room pressure. Because the sound waves are characterized by oscillations in pressure over the course of time, sound is often referred to as a pressure wave.

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Each Science Reasoning task is based on a passage or story that presents data and information or describes an experiment or phenomenon. Students must combine an understanding of science content and science reasoning skills (science practices) to answer questions about the passage or story. Tap anywhere to view the passage.

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Characteristics of Sound Waves,Interpretation of Data

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